Water Hardness


 What causes Hard Water

Hard water is found in over 80% of the United States. Hard water is generally not considered a health hazard. Hard water can be problematic in terms of drinking water taste and color. The effects of hard water are more a problem resulting in deposits and scale build up inside pipes and plumbing and on cookware and appliances such as water heaters and dishwashers.

If there are stains or build-up on your sinks and bathtubs, or if you have to use large amounts of soap to clean dishes or wash your hair, or if your water tastes or smells odd; you probably have hard water.

Hard Water in PipesIf left untreated, the minerals in hard water will cause yellow stains on plumbing fixtures and be deposited as scale, eventually clogging plumbing and shortening the life of appliances like washing machines, water heaters and dishwashers. Scale deposits not only cut down on the efficiency of these appliances, they cost you money, increasing both energy and maintenance bills. The EPA recommends not using water that exceeds 7 GPG. Do you know how hard your water is ? Use Total Hardness Test Strips to quickly evaluate your water's hardness.


So what is Hard Water ? The hardness of a water supply is determined by the content of calcium and magnesium salts. Calcium and magnesium combine with bicarbonates, sulfates, chlorides, and nitrates to form these salts. The standard domestic measurement for hardness is grains per gallon (gpg) as CaCO3 . Water having a hardness content less than 0.6 gpg is considered commercially soft. The calcium and magnesium salts which form hardness are divided into two categories:

1) Temporary Hardness (containing carbonates)
2) Permanent Hardness (containing non-carbonates).

hard water treatment


Below find listings of the various combinations of permanent and temporary water hardness along with their chemical formula and some information on each water hardness problem.
 

Temporary Salts that Cause Water Hardness
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) - Known as limestone, rare in water supplies. Causes alkalinity in water.
Calcium Bicarbonate [Ca(HCO3)2] - Forms when water containing CO2 comes in contact with limestone. Also causes alkalinity in water. When heated CO2 is released and the calcium bicarbonate reverts back to calcium carbonate thus forming scale.
Magnesium Carbonate (MgCO3) - Known as magnesite with properties similar to calcium carbonate.
Magnesium Bicarbonate [Mg(HCO3)2] - Similar to calcium bicarbonate in its properties.

Permanent Salts That Cause Water Hardness
Calcium Sulfate (CaSO4) - Know as gypsum, used to make plaster of paris. Will precipitate and form scale in boilers when concentrated.
Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) - Reacts in boiler water to produce a low pH as follows: CaCl2 + 2HOH ==> Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl
Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) - Commonly known as epsom salts, may have laxative effect if great enough quantity is in the water.
Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2) - Similar in properties to calcium chloride.
Sodium salts are also found in household water supplies, but they are considered harmless as long as they do not exist in large quantities. The US EPA currently has no national policy with respect to the hard water levels or soft water levels of public water supplies.

Hard Water Treatment


Water softening systems can remove compensated water hardness up to a practical limit of 100 gpg. If the hardness is above 30 gpg or the sodium to hardness ratio is greater than 33%, then economy salt settings can not be used for hard water treatment. If the water hardness is high, then the sodium levels will be high after softening, and may require that a reverse osmosis system be used for filtering drinking water as an effective hard water treatment and removal solution. Before making any purchase of a system, make sure you have completed a hard water test. We offer simple to use test strips for hard water testing.



Products


Fleck 5600 Econominder 32,000 Grain Mechanical Meter Water SoftenerFleck 5600 Econominder Mechanical Meter Water Softener 1 Cu. Ft.
Part Number: 5600MM-100-WSS
  • Capacity: 32,000 Grains
  • Resin Volume: 1.0 Cubic Feet
  • Control Valve Type: Mechanical Meter
  • Service Flow Rate: 10 gpm
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MSRP: $1,040.00
Starting At
$624.99 


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Fleck 5600 Econominder 64,000 Grain Mechanical Meter Water SoftenerFleck 5600 Econominder Mechanical Meter Water Softener 2 Cu. Ft.
Part Number: 5600MM-200-WSS
  • Capacity: 64,000 Grains
  • Resin Volume: 2.0 Cubic Feet
  • Control Valve Type: Mechanical Meter
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MSRP: $1,607.00
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$699.99 


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Fleck 5600 Econominder 80,000 Grain Mechanical Meter Water SoftenerFleck 5600 Econominder Mechanical Meter Water Softener 1 Cu. Ft.
Part Number: 5600MM-250-WSS
  • Capacity: 80,000 Grains
  • Resin Volume: 2.5 Cubic Feet
  • Control Valve Type: Mechanical Meter
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MSRP: $1,800.00
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$749.99 


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Fleck 5600SXT Electronic Meter 32,000 Grain Water SoftenerFleck 5600SXT Electronic Meter Water Softener 1 Cu. Ft.
Part Number: 5600EM-100-WSSP34-BK
  • Capacity: 32,000 Grains
  • Resin Volume: 1.0 Cubic Feet
  • Control Valve Type: Electronic Meter
  • Service Flow Rate: 10 gpm
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MSRP: $1,116.00
$659.99

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Iron Hardness PLUS Test KitIron Hardness PLUS Test Kit
Part Number: PT-702
Alternate Part Number: P0301
Iron Hardness PLUS Test Kit Features: The PurTest Iron Hardness PLUS Test Kit is a best selling water quality analysis tool, and includes tests for 6 additional water problems; 8 different tests in one kit: IRON can stain plumbing fixtures and...
  • Number of Test: 2
  • Test Type: Chlorine, Copper, Iron, Nitrates, Nitrites, pH
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$8.50 

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Total Hardness Test Strips (50)Hardness Test Strips (50)
Part Number: PT-754-50
Alternate Part Number: 480008
WaterWorks Total Hardness Test Strips Features: Water Works Total Hardness test strips for water quality is the measure of the total amount of calcium and magnesium that has naturally leached into the water supply during its journey through the...
  • Result Time: 3 seconds
  • Number of Test: 50
  • Test Type: Total Hardness
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MSRP: $8.99
$8.45 

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Watercheck Test KitWatercheck Test Kit
Part Number: NLWTK-REG
The Watercheck includes a 75 item check for: Bacteria (presence/absence of coliform and E.coli) (4) Trihalomethanes (5) Other inorganic chemicals (5) Physical characteristics (15) Heavy metals and minerals and (44) Volatile organic chemicals...
  • Result Time: 10-15 Business Days
  • Test Type: Alkalinity, Ammonia, Arsenic, Bacteria, Bromine, Chlorine, Chlorine Dioxide, Copper, Cyanuric Acid, Iodine, Iron, Lead, Nitrates, Nitrites, Permanganate, pH, Total Hardness
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$158.00 

6+ for $146.94 ea

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